Mapping the Prehistoric Waterscape from Southern Romania (7000-3000 cal. BC). Natural water supply and cultural water demand in the past
Project director:
Valentin Radu
researcher/archaeozoology
E-mail: valentin.radu@icub.unibuc.ro

Project title: Mapping the Prehistoric Waterscape from Southern Romania (7000-3000 cal. BC). Natural water supply and cultural water demand in the past
Acronym: WATERSCAPE
Project code: PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-2369
Contract: PCE165/2021
Funding line: P4 – Fundamental and frontier research. Exploratory research projects (PCE)
Financial support: Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI)
Implementation period: 36 months (04/01/2021 – 31/12/2023)
Coordinating institution: University of Bucharest, ArchaeoScineces Division of the Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB)
Project description:
Investigations of the water in an archaeological context and searches for connections between natural water supply, natural hydrological conditions, and socio-cultural developments of human societies in the past is a real challenge for contemporary research. However, despite the apparent simplicity of water notion when we talk about human civilizations of the past, it had multidimensional connotations, which are transposed into various and differentiated elements of analysis (economic impact, hazards, human resilience, mobility, palaeoecologically niches, etc.). Thus, approaching a topic like the one proposed by the current project is difficult and challenging, involving complex multidisciplinary analyses, at the border of several disciplines (archaeology, geography, biology, etc.).
The project aim is to identify the complex interface between water and the human communities from Southern Romania for a period of 4000 years (7000-3000 BC). It will focus on the natural water availability, carrying capacity of environments, and aspects of variability in the hydrological system in correlation with human settlements location. We will take in consideration the adaptation and management strategies of different past societies, and the resilience or vulnerability of certain societies to hydrological hazards. Moreover, the project will address some side issues as the role of diet based on aquatic resources in life of the humans, and their palaeoeconomical impact in the target time span.
Objectives:
The concrete objective of the project is the identification of the complex interface between water and the prehistoric human communities from Southern Romania for a period of 4000 years (7000-3000 cal. BC) in terms of palaeohydrography, palaeoecology, palaeoenvrionmental, and palaeoeconomy in order to set up the life style patterns of past humans in relation with waterscape.
Deliverables:
1. Online database of available data, project website, theoretical analysis, statistical approach, and quantification models, reports.
2. Geo-spatial database, maps, sites evolution models, sample database, field & labs reports, statistical data.
3. Aquafauna database, wetlands vegetation database, field & labs reports, statistical data.
4. Stable isotopic database, field & labs reports, statistical data.
5. Minimum 5 articles in ISI, Scopus, ERIH PLUS publication, minimum 10 presentation at national or international conferences, 1 special seminar al HI regarding the topics tracked by the project, 1 open source database with the results of the project
Members:
| Project director | grade/responsible | Public profile |
| Valentin Radu | researcher/archaeozoologie | https://www.brainmap.ro/public-profile-899956 |
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Members
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| Adrian Bălășescu | researcher/archaeozoologie | https://www.brainmap.ro/adrian-balasescu |
| Cătălin Alexandru Lazăr | researcher/archaeologie |
https://www.brainmap.ro/catalin-alexandru-lazar
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| Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe | researcher/environment, landscape | https://www.brainmap.ro/alfred-vespremeanu-stroe |
| Ana García-Vázquez | postdoctoral student/stable isotopes analyses | https://www.brainmap.ro/ana-garcia-vazquez, |
| Viorel Atudorei | Researcher/stable isotopes analyses | https://www.brainmap.ro/viorel-atudorei |
| Diana Hanganu | postdoctoral student/palynology, environment | https://www.brainmap.ro/diana-hanaganu |
| Cristina Ioana Covătaru | PhD student/environment, landscape | https://www.brainmap.ro/cristina-ioana-covataru |
| Andreea Toma | Master student/anthropology, | https://www.brainmap.ro/andreea-toma |
| Bogdan Radu Manea | Master student/experimental archaeology | https://www.brainmap.ro/bogdan-radu-manea |
| Victor-Cristian Roth | Master student/experimental archaeology | https://www.brainmap.ro/cristian-roth |
| Aurélien Georges Dominique Tafani | PhD student/stable isotopes analyses | https://www.brainmap.ro/aurelien-tafani |
Results
During the entire project implementation period (2021-2023), the project members promoted the term –waterscape– associated in this project with archaeohydrology, which investigates water in an archaeological context and which search for connections between natural water supply, natural hydrological conditions, environments and socio-cultural evolutions of past human societies. Two panels dedicated to this topic were organized at international conferences with a selection committee: Waterscape: Humans, Environment, and Hydrology in the Holocene (Landscape Archaeology Conference 2022) and How does the waterscape influences, affects and infers the human community’s development, evolution, vulnerabilities, and resilience over time? (Scales of Social, Environmental and Cultural Change in Past Societies 2023).
The research initiated to identify the complex interface between water and prehistoric human communities in the south of Romania, involved in addition to the classical fields (archaeology, geomorphology), a wide spectrum of disciplines from the interdisciplinary field such as paleohydrology, paleoecology, paleogeography, archaeoichthyology, malacology, anthracology, radiocarbon dating and stable isotopic analyses. The most significant results were disseminated by project members by publishing 16 articles, presenting 53 communications at conferences, initiating 2 seminars, participating and organizing 3 workshops and organizing 3 panels at international conferences.
The impact related to increasing the research capacity of the host institution was achieved by including internationally recognized researchers in the national research system through collaborations with universities such as Albuquerque (USA), Brussels (BE), Kiel (DE), Ghent (BE), Edinburgh (UK), Paris (FR), Tampa (USA), York and Sheffield (UK) or with recognized research centers (CNRS-Paris, France; Archaeological Institute Zagreb, Croatia; National Archaeological Institute and Museum Sofia, Bulgaria).
The training of researchers in the field of archeology was achieved by including two young researchers from Spain (postdoctoral student) and France (doctoral student) in the project team and who contributed with studies that were completed with articles and presentations at international conferences in the field of archaeology. Among the most significant results related to the mobility of prehistoric populations, we mention the creation for the first time of maps of strontium isotope values for southern Romania (Tafani et al. 2023), the calculation for the first time of reservoir effect values in the case of 14C dating for prehistoric populations who lived in the Gumelnița settlement, and by analyzing the results of the stable isotope values δ13C and δ15N and the FRUITS analysis, also for the first time, it was possible to characterize the diet of the inhabitants of this site (García-Vázquez et al. 2023). Also in this sense, with a unique character, is the introduction of bivalves in the analyzes for the study of the diet by carrying out a methodological study (García-Vázquez et al. 2024) to calculate the isotopic values for these food sources. Two other members, Romanian master’s students, integrated into the team and co-opted to carry out archeology and physical anthropology analyzes contributed to the publication of the results. They will continue their studies in the field of archeology at doctoral level within the doctoral schools of the universities of Bucharest (ISDS) and Sheffield.
The reconnection of the local academic environment to European and international research networks was achieved through the participation of members in international congresses (Congress of the Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques – UISPP; Annual Meeting of European Association of Archaeologists – EEA), organizing workshops (Scales of Transformation’ of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel; Archeoclimate BP – Interactions between climatic and environmental conditions and human societies during the Holocene in SE Europe) or publication of high-impact articles in ISI Web of Science indexed journals:
- 2023, Monica Mărgărit, Valentina Voinea, Adrian Bălășescu, Pointed bone tools from the Hamangia culture on the Lower Danube: Manufacture and function, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 52, 104278.
- 2023, Ana García‑Vázquez, Adrian Bălășescu, Gabriel Vasile, Mihaela Golea, Valentin Radu, Vasile Opriș, Theodor Ignat, Mihaela Culea, Cristina Covătaru, Gabriela Sava, Cătălin Lazăr, Unravelling the resilience of the KGK VI population from the Gumelnița site (Romania) through stable isotopes, Scientific Reports 13, 8499.
- 2023, Colline Brassard, Marie Balasse, Adrian Bălăşescu, Valentin Radu, Morgane Ollivier, Denis Fiorillo, Anthony Herrel, Stéphanie Bréhard, Morphological and dietary adaptations to different socio-economic systems in Chalcolithic dog, Journal of Archaeological Science 157, 105820.
- 2022, Valentin Radu, Monica Mărgărit, Valentina Voinea, Adina Boroneanț, Ioana Daniela Dulama, Processing the Testudo carapace in Prehistoric Romania, (8th and 5th millennia BC), Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14, 60.
- 2022, Colline Brassard, Adrian Bălăşescu, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Vianney Forest, Céline Bemilli, Adina Boroneanţ, Fabien Convertini, Muriel Gandelin, Valentin Radu, Patricia A. Fleming, Claude Guintard, Tracey L. Kreplins, Cécile Callou, Andréa Filippo, Anne Tresset, Raphaël Cornette, Anthony Herrel, Stéphanie Bréhard, Unexpected morphological diversity in ancient dogs compared to modern relatives, Proceedings of the Royal Society Biolocical Sciences 289: 20220147.
- 2022, Vasile Opriș, Alin Velea, Mihai Secu, Arpad-Mihai Rostas, Angel-Theodor Buruiană, Corina-Anca Simion, Dragoș-Alexandru Mirea, Elena Matei, Cristina Bartha, Mădălina Dimache, Cătălin Lazăr, ‘Put variety in White’: Multi-analytical investigation of the white pigments inlaid on Early Chalcolithic pottery from Southern Romania, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 42, 103402.
Project results (for details see the 2021-2023 final report)
- i) publications (16) – 6 articles were published in Web of Science indexed journals (article influence score/journal impact factor) qaurtile Q1 (Journal of Archaeological Science, Archaeological and Anthropological Science, Proceedings of the Royal Society Biolocical Sciences) and qaurtile Q2 (Scientific Reports, Journal of Archaeological Science – Report ); 7 articles in journals indexed in international databases BDI (Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice, Peuce, Pontica, Documenta Praehistorica, Studia Praehistorica, Revista de Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice); 3 chapters in volumes published by publishing houses accepted by CNCS (Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Editura Istros).
- ii) conferences (53) – 23 communications at international conferences, 20 of which with selection committees (Congress of the Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques (UISPP); Annual Meeting of European Association of Archaeologists (EEA); International Landscape Archaeology Conference; Scales of Social, Environmental and Cultural Change in Past Societies, Kiel; Radiocarbon and Diet Conference, Oxford; Société Préhistorique Française, Universitatea Paris-Nanterre; University of Liverpool și EXARC) and 30 at those held in Romania (Metodă, teorie și practică în arheologia contemporană, Institutul de Arheologie „Vasile Pârvan” al Academiei Române; Cercetări Arheologice și Numismatice, București; Interferenţe culturale, Craiova; Sesiunea Ştiinţifică Internaţională PONTICA, Constanța; Sesiunea Națională a Muzeului Dunării de Jos, Călărași; Tendințe în biologie: de la molecule la sisteme complexe, Universitatea „Al. I. Cuza” din Iași; Conferința Anuală de Comunicare a Rezultatelor Cercetării la Universitatea din București; From the Black Sea to the Black Forest. On the neolithisation process in the Danube River Basin, Piatra-Neamț).
iii) other events (8) – 2 seminars were organized for students (Introduction to Bioarchaeology / Introducere în Bioarheologie) in collaboration with the “Vasile Pârvan” Institute of Archeology and University of Bucharest (ICUB-Archeoscince), 3 workshops and 3 panels at internațional conferences (two in Romania and one in Germany) a) 7th International Landscape Archaeology Conference, 10-15 September 2022, Iași-Suceava. Session 06. How does the waterscape influences, affects and infers the human community’s development, evolution, vulnerabilities, and resilience over time? b) Scales of Social, Environmental & Cultural Change in Past Societies, Kiel University, March 13-18, 2023. Session 39. Waterscape: Humans, Environment, and Hydrology in the Holocene. c) PONTICA International Scientific Session, 56th Edition: „History and Archaeology in the West-Pontic Area”, Constanța, 4-6 October, 2023. Session: Bioarchaeological Approaches to Human Past Reconstruction.
Reports
Contact
University of Bucharest
Panduri Street 90, Bucharest, Sector 5, postal cod 050663, Romania
Tel. 004021.307.73.02
Fax 004021.313.17.60
e-mail: office@g.unibuc.ro
Project director: Dr. Valentin Radu, email: valentin.radu@icub.unibuc.ro
